Argument of Def. Rough Draft

Legal Downloading
Legal downloading of music is known as paying for the material you have downloaded through certain programs that allow this availability. The expanding of free music has emerged over the legal downloading services. With services that allow free music, industries have taken the toll of trying to join these services due to lack of changing it. We need a new definition of legal downloading because people feel downloading music from which ever file sharing service they chose is simple and cannot be considered stealing. The idea of free music should be considered legal since it does not stop anyone from receiving the files they yearn for.

Rough Draft for Annotated Bibliography

Allan Acosta
Annotated Bibliography
27 February 2009
Annotated Bibliography

Bainwol, Mitch. "Out: P2P Paranoia In: Platform Parity." Billboard 07 Jan. 2006: 4+. Academic Search Premier. EBSCO. Morris Library, Carbondale, IL. 26 Feb. 2009 . The paranoia of illegal downloading is declining but the need for similarity and equality is growing. Satellite radio pays its talk show hosts more money than they would pay the artists they put out there for people to hear. The artists want a platform that will be brought to Congress so that they get equal structures.

Bruno, Antony. "A New Battle Plan." Billboard 120.42 (18 Oct. 2008): 16-16. Academic Search Premier. EBSCO. Morris Library, Carbondale, IL. 26 Feb. 2009 . The RIAA is taking steps to prevent P2P music sharing. Cracking down on fans/ downloaders should be informational and give an alternate option to find their music choice. The RIAA needs to adapt to the new digital entertainment but not sit back and do nothing.

Bruno, Antony. "P2P: Too Legit To Quit." Billboard 119.9 (03 Mar. 2007): 16-16. Academic Search Premier. EBSCO. Morris Library, Carbondale, IL. 26 Feb. 2009 . Two services of peer-to-peer sharing, BitTorrent and Joost, are providing legal use of entertainment downloading. The problem is that millions of their downloaders can use this to steal illegal content. BitTorrent and Joost use companies and providers to pay for the legal downloads available to their customers. With the demand of fast entertainment, these services are making it easier for consumers to view what they are looking for. With this quick content, entertainment companies will need to explore into this creative world.

Cobo, Leila. "The Coming Crackdown." Billboard 121.6 (14 Feb. 2009): 16-16. Academic Search Premier. EBSCO. Morris Library, Carbondale, IL. 26 Feb. 2009 . The illegal downloading in Mexico has caused the country to fight back. The country is having problems preventing downloading due to the physical problems and the growing digital piracy. The peer-to-peer file sharing has doubled from the previous year.

Embleton, Kelly. "Downloading Illegal Music." Canadian Musician 24.4 (July 2002): 19. Academic Search Premier. EBSCO. Morris Library, Carbondale, IL. 26 Feb. 2009 . Downloading music online is a controversial issue today. The music industry is losing money because of the free availability. The new generation thinks music should be free.

Fritz, Kurt. "Playing a Different Tune." Information Today 25.11 (Dec. 2008): 15-15. Academic Search Premier. EBSCO. Morris Library, Carbondale, IL. 26 Feb. 2009 . Kurt Fritz acknowledges that the Recording Industry Association of America (RIAA) has been trying to prevent the increasing number of illegal downloading of music. The RIAA has been around since 1952, their efforts have been focused on trying to protect the artists' property rights of their songs. Napster was seen as the first peer-to-peer (P2P) file sharing service, but was put out of business by the RIAA in less than two years of existence. Napster's service came from a central server compared to other P2p services which have multiple workstations instead of one nucleus. RIAA has moved from looking for the main server to individual users. RIAA's lawsuits have forced people to pay thousands of dollars either outside of court or with costly trials.

Holahan, Catherine. "Music Downloading's New Deal." Business Week Online (31 Oct. 2006): 8-8. Academic Search Premier. EBSCO. Morris Library, Carbondale, IL. 26 Feb. 2009 . Free file sharing services are using business advertisements to support their causes. Illegal downloads aren’t seen as stealing to music downloaders, just music swapping. Pirate sites are trying to move on the side of RIAA to prevent illegal downloading. Many firms are now using fake files so that downloaders see their message once downloaded.

LeBlanc, Larry. "Industry Awaits Digital Guidelines." Billboard 112.45 (04 Nov. 2000): 48. Academic Search Premier. EBSCO. Morris Library, Carbondale, IL. 26 Feb. 2009 . Canadian government is trying to develop legislation on the digital sharing of music. The Canadian Recording Industry Association (CRIA) is trying to update the Copyright Act of Canada. Their efforts have not gone well.

Michelle Kessler. "Apple teams with AOL for legal music downloads." USA Today (n.d.). Academic Search Premier. EBSCO. Morris Library, Carbondale, IL. 26 Feb. 2009 . Apple is a challenger for illegal downloading sites. AOL has been on the rise to making a legal downloading service but declined when Apple approached them. Many other legal downloading services are a challenge to Apple’s goal of becoming top legal downloading service.

"Napster R.I.P." Economist 364.8289 (07 Sep. 2002): 56-56. Academic Search Premier. EBSCO. Morris Library, Carbondale, IL. 26 Feb. 2009 . Napster’s removal has influenced lookalikes that have been able to go undetected because of the removal of central servers. The record industries have struggled to gain control because of the free legal sites are not as big as they thought they would be. The music industry sales have declined drastically.

Pike, George H. "The Financial Aid 'Stick' Against Illegal Downloading." Information Today 25.9 (Oct. 2008): 17-20. Academic Search Premier. EBSCO. Morris Library, Carbondale, IL. 26 Feb. 2009 . George Pike explains that illegal downloading is a challenge for copyright owners and universities. Pennsylvania State University has tried to provide legal downloading through a network funded by the university. Congress has tried to pass the Higher Education Act to prevent illegal downloading in colleges by cutting of federal financial aid funds if these colleges and universities do not put in policies to punish students caught file sharing. The Joint Congressional Committee tried to implement a few network security products to universities to find illegal downloading in schools. P2p files make it difficult to completely prevent music downloading in the college campus.

Pike, George H. "The Future of P2P." Information Today 22.8 (Sep. 2005): 17-19. Academic Search Premier. EBSCO. Morris Library, Carbondale, IL. 26 Feb. 2009 . Copyrighted materials have been illegally downloading through peer-to-peer networks. The structure of Grokster and Kazaa has eliminated the central servers, which was the reason Napster was caught. The only move copyright holders have been able to make is legal downloading networks.

San Miguel, Renay. "The Problem with File Sharing." Technology Review 108.10 (Oct. 2005): 39-39. Academic Search Premier. EBSCO. Morris Library, Carbondale, IL. 26 Feb. 2009 . The courts rule that file sharing networks are accountable for what their users do with their software. Cyberlaw expert argues that copyright laws were not written in the 21st century for downloading. The music industry could lose their jobs with their record sales falling because of the illegal file sharing.

Silvestrini, Elaine. "Judge Allows Counterattack In Music-File-Sharing Case." Tampa Tribune (FL) (07 May 2008). Newspaper Source. EBSCO. Morris Library, Carbondale, IL.26 Feb. 2009 . A student from the University of South Florida was sued for illegal downloading. He counterclaimed stating that the industries hired private investigators to go into private networks. The courts have sued many USF students and the university is paying thousands of dollars annually to have a network that detects file sharing in their university.

Stafford, Jim. "Download lawsuits filed on 5 in state: One Oklahoman says he was misled by service." Daily Oklahoman, The (OK) (09 Mar. 2007). Newspaper Source. EBSCO. Morris Library, Carbondale, IL. 26 Feb. 2009 . The RIAA filed lawsuits on 5 Oklahomans who have illegally downloaded copyrighted music from P2P sites. One Oklahoman said he was misled by Kazaa, because they stated file sharing was not illegal. The recording industry has filed lawsuits in many states since 2003.

Bilingualism in American Education

Bilingualism is the ability to speak in more than one language. Many Americans today are able to speak many languages. There are conflicts in America trying to make standard English the only language in the country, while there are many cultures who still speak their native language. Other cultures are able to speak other languages outside of theirs, making the world more multilingual. American education should embrace the bilingual system.

[Claim] Bilingualism could help bring different cultures in America together, instead of isolated. [Reason] Many people who struggle speaking proper English have been pushed away and keep our schools segregated still today. [Evidence] In Defining Who We Are in Society, Troutt states that people who have the English language mastered, believe that people try to put their kids into schools with a low percentage of (poor) blacks because of their Ebonics speaking dialect (819). Ebonics isn't a different language but it still incorporates as trying to keep different languages outside of the common place that people are accustomed to.

[Claim] If America brought bilingualism into the education system, it could help teach children how languages can bring cultures together. English isn't the only language known to American citizens, while many speak Spanish already. [Reason] Bilingual system can help make America one instead of separations of races making it easier for everyone to understand each other. [Reason] Immigrants today are being stripped away of their native language and forced to learn English in order to succeed. [Evidence] In If Only We All Spoke Two Languages by Ariel Dorfman, he explains to us that bilingual method doesn't imprison a child in their original language but it helps build bridges to English (797). [Transition] In this sense, it helps enlighten children to different cultures and languages instead of isolating them with just the American culture.

[Topic Sentence] People of different cultures, such as Chinese, who have grown up speaking Chinese their entire lives and move to America where they are forced to learn English, have trouble being understood by others because of their heavy accents or "broken" English (805). Not being able to understand someone frustrates the person speaking, making their burdens even worse. [Reason] If someone goes to the doctor trying to get help and the doctors do not understand the patient, the patient won't get anything out of the doctor. [Evidence] For example in Amy Tan's, Mother Tongue, she tells us how her mother's English was very poor and when she tried speaking to doctors or stockbrokers, she wasn't able to go anywhere with what she was trying to say (806). [Evidence] Tan, as a young girl, had to speak for her mother to these important people. If America could improve the language system with bilingualism, people could get their needs met without having the trouble of not being understood.

Why I Hate Britney by Nisey Williams Pg 276.

Nisey Williams believes that Britney Spears is to blame for her fear of motherhood. She states that Spears' sexual image makes self-concious pre-teens think they need to parade around in skimpy clothing to appear attractive to the opposite sex. Because of Spears' actions, girls want to be like her trying to wear more grown-up fasions. Williams feels that society needs more respectable female icons.

Williams is afriad of having children because of the pop culture's emphasis on sex. Tv shows women with little clothing on making it difficult to protect children approaching puberty. Britney Spears is to blame. Not only Spears, but many pop divas do not help the cause with their showing of little clothing. Spears won most powerful celebrity of 2002, making her "the forefront of this sex-crazed phenomenon"(277) Britney's stripper like outfits contradicts her statements of trying to save her virginity for marriage. Her actions speak louder than words with her sleazy image. Some one who doesnt sell their body in order to sell music is Avril Lavigne who has criticized Britney for her image. She wears clothes that she would wear everyday, unlike Spears who "goes onstage and dresses like a showgirl" (277). Britney states in Rolling Stone, that when girls were little they played dress up in their mother's clothing and it is the same now for her, just dressing up. But it's different from when you are able to have your own clothing and flaunting it around. Britney states in an In Style interview that why not show some skin because she is a girl. It is a very good thing to say for little girls out there thinking its okay to flaunt what they have because they are girls. Many girls that try to have this image go through eating disorders and have destructive behaviors, not realizing that Britney has millions of dollars to pay people to help her look the way she does. It's hard to keep children away from the sexual material the pop culture portrays, but parents still need to try to teach their children morals and good behaviors. Williams states that children today will do anything to get what they want. One teenage girl through a fit in a department store for her mother not buying her the thongs she wanted. Supposedly, this twelve year old gets made fun of by her peers because she doesnt wear thongs. This sex heavy pop culture will negatively influence children, because their could be a increase in sexual activity among middle school children. Girls are now trying to dress up sexy like their icons, such as Jennifer Lopez. These girl fashions are being marketed as 'tweens' by stores who want to promote what these girls want to wear. Pop culture seems to be getting worse with these 'barely there' outfits. America's pop culture needs more respectable female icons.

Chapter 25 Summaries of the Articles

Dorfman
In If Only We All Spoke Two Languages, Dorfman claims he came from Argentina and realized that the American culture didn't believe in bilingual education. Dorfman grew up becoming monoligual by speaking English, but moving to Chile recharged his spanish speaking abilities. He realized that the world could become multilingual, but the stubborness of American society will keep America monolingual making other cultures learn english so that America doesnt have to make many mistakes. Dorfman states that knowing more than one language will not restrict children but help them gain more.

Tan
In Mother Tongue by Amy Tan, she finds herself speaking differently at a speech compared to the "broken" english she spoke and learned from her mother. Because of her mother's poor english, Tan had to speak for her to stockbrockers, doctors, and others who had a hard time understanding the older Mrs. Tan. Tan noticed that alot of Asian Americans couldn't speak english properly which effected their english achievement test scores. Tan managed to overcome this barrier and decided to major in English rahter than math or science. She wrote a book that had proper english but as her mother stated "easy to read."

Rickford
In Suite for Ebony and Phonics by John Rickford, he informs us that Ebonics has grown as a dialect of english, not a new language on its own. The words, grammar, and sounds derive from english but are used with different tenses. Ebonics came from African Americans due to their barriers and feeling of belonging with one another. Ebonics is fromed from ebony and phonics. Ebonics is usually known to working class people who dont need or use standard english in their everyday jobs.

Troutt
In Defining Who We Are in Society by David Troutt, he explains that how we speak is our gift to discovering and learning in the world. People are judged by how they speak, giving clues of intelligence, trust, fear, heard, ignored, or accepted. Ebonics can be seen to seperate children in schools. Ebonics should give people appreciation of differences but also show a feeling of trying to belong in society.

Tannen
In Can We Talk by Deborah Tannen, she states that daughters and mothers have a special relationship that can be close and the meaningless statements can triggar megativity between one another. Having the feeling of losing your mother kills people inside but some feeling inside them thinks, thank God they are gone.

File Sharing Sources

Playing a Different Tune by Kurt Fritz

In Playing a Different Tune by Kurt Fritz, he acknowledges that the Recording Industry Association of America (RIAA) has been trying to prevent the increasing number of illegal downloading of music. The RIAA has been around since 1952, their efforts have been focused on trying to protect the artists' property rights of their songs. Napster was seen as the first peer-to-peer (P2P) file sharing service, but was put out of business by the RIAA in less than two years of existence. Napster's service came from a central server compared to other P2p services which have multiple workstations instead of one nucleus. RIAA has moved from looking for the main server to individual users. RIAA's lawsuits have forced people to pay thousands of dollars either outside of court or with costly trials.

The Financial Aid 'Stick' Against Illegal Downloading by George H. Pike

In The Financial Aid 'Stick' Against Illegal Downloading, George Pike explains that illegal downloading is a challegne for copyright owners and universities. Pennsylvania State University has tried to provide legal downloading through a network funded by the university. Congress has tried to pass the Higher Education Act to prevent illegal downloading in colleges by cutting of federal financial aid funds if these colleges and universities do not put in policies to punish students caught file sharing. The Joint Congressional Committee tried to impliment a few network security products to universities to find illegal downloading in schools. P2p files make it difficult to completely prevent music downloading in the college campus.

Lind's Character

I believe that Lind tries to show us that his beliefs on interacial marriages are rising and that each race will soon become to complex for there to only be one race, but many races combined. Lind has proven to me his authority. He was the editor of Harper's which appeared in the New York Times Magazine in 1998. This tells us that he has something to say and that we should listen to him. He shows the audience that he is trustworthy and honesty in his research by telling us where he received his information on the topic. Also he tells us statistics of many surveys that prove his theory of the races combining. Lind argument is clear on the fact that he wants to explain to us that when we think America is changing, there are still changes we will face over time. Lind's motives are not seen as offensive but as an explaination of his thoughts that our world, concerning race, is evolving right before our eyes.